Cabed-en-Aras

Means 'The Deer's Leap.' This was the ravine in the Teiglin River where Túrin slew Glaurung, and from which Nienor threw herself into the River. Later called Cabed Naeramarth.

Cabed Naeramarth

Means the 'Leap of Dreadful Doom.' The Cabed-en-Aras was renamed this after Nienor threw herself in the Teiglin.

Caergwâr (Caer Gwâr)

The Welsh name for Kortirion.

Cair Andros

The isle in the Anduin, north of Minas Tirith.

Calacirya

Means 'Pass' or 'Cleft of Light.' This was a break in the Pelóri Mountains surrounding Valinor, made so that the light of the Trees could reach Tirion upon Túna.

Calaquendi

Means 'Elves of the Light'. It refers to those Elves who lived or had lived in Valinor. Also called the High Elves.

Calembel

A small town on the Ciril River through which the Company of the Dead passed. It was deserted at the time, as the men had gone to the war at Minas Tirith.

Calenardhon

Meaning 'the Green Province', it was the name of Rohan when it belonged to Gondor, before they were given to the Rohirrim.

Calenhad

The 6th Beacon of Gondor.

Calimehtar

The thirtieth Ruler of Gondor, son of Narmacil II, and father of Ondoher. He avenged his father's death by defeating the Easterlings upon Dagorlad in 1899, thus averting the peril that had threatened Gondor since the Ringwraiths re-entered Mordor. Calimehtar died in 1936.

Calmacil

Eighteenth Ruler of Gondor, second son of Atanatar II Alcarin and brother of Narmacil I, the 2nd childless King. He assumed the throne upon his brother's death. Calmacil was the father of Minalcor and Castamir and died in 1304.

Camlost

Meaning 'Empty-handed,' this was the name taken by Beren when he realized that Carcaroth had bitten off his hand and he no longer held the Silmaril.

Captains of the West

Leaders of the armies from the West who marched into Mordor against the Enemy at the end of the Third Age.

Carach Angren

The Isenmouthe. The gap between the Ephel Dúath & the Ered Lithui.

Caradhras

A peak in the Misty Mountains. The 9 attempted to cross over it to the eastern side of the range, but were turned back by a blizzard. Also called the Redhorn, Baranzinbar, and Baraz. The path over it led to the Dimrill Dale, the Mirrormere and the Silverlode.

Caragdûr

The precipice on the north side of Amon Gwareth from which Eöl was thrown to his death.

Caranthir

The fourth son of Fëanor. He ruled Thargelion in Ossiriand. He was called the Dark and was killed in the attack on Doriath in attempt to reclaim the Nauglamir.

Caras Galadon

The dwelling of Celeborn and Galadriel in Lothlórien. Means 'City of the Trees'. Also called the City of the Galadrim.

Carcaras

Another name for Carcaroth. Also spelled Karkaras.

Carcharoth

Meaning 'the Red Maw,' this was the father of wolves. He confronted Beren and Lúthien at the Gates of Angband when they came to reclaim the Silmarils, but was put to sleep by Lúthien's song-spell. However, he awoke when Melko stirred at the breaking of the knife Beren was using to cut the Silmarils from the Iron Crown. He attacked Beren and Lúthien when they exited the Gates, biting off Beren's hand that held the Silmaril. He then fled in pain because the Silmaril was from Valinor and was not to be touched by evil flesh, so it burned the stomach of the wolf. He was killed the Huan in Doriath after he killed Beren, though Huan himself died of his wounds. Also referred to as Angauglir.

Carchost

One of the Towers of the Teeth guarding the Morannon. The other Tower was called Narchost.

Cardolan

Region in the south of Eriador. It was one of the three kingdoms of Arnor when it split upon the death of Eärendur in 861 because of his 3 sons' differences. In 1409, it was invaded by a host from Angmar. Weathertop was surrounded, the Dúnedain defeated, Arveleg I slain, and most of Cardolan destroyed. During Argeleb II's reign in the 1600s, the plague entered Eriador, and most still living in Cardolan were killed. This marked the end of the realm of Cardolan, and the spirits of entered Tyrn Gorthad.

Carl

An ancestor of the Cottons. Born in 1263 SR, son of Cottar.

Carn Dûm

A land in Erebor under the control of Angmar.

Carnemírië

A land mentioned by Fangorn in his song of the Elder Days.

Carnil

The name of a red star mentioned in The Silmarilion as one of the stars Yavanna first created.

Carpenter, Humphrey

Wrote J.R.R.T., A Biography and compiled Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien.

Castamir

The twenty-second Ruler of Gondor, called The Usurper. Second son of Calmacil and younger brother of Minalcor. He was one of those who overthrew Eldacar and burnt Osgiliath, and he took the crown in 1437. He had the greatest rebel following and was Captain of Ships, supported by Pelargir and Umbar. After assuming the crown, he killed Ornendil, the son of Eldacar, who was taken in battle with many others in Osgiliath. For this, many hated Castamir and desired his death. In 1447, Eldacar, who had built a large following in Rhovanion, came to Gondor and killed Castamir, retaking the crown. Castamir's sons fled to Pelargir and Eldacar beseiged them for years but could not conquer them. They sailed to Umbar which became a refuge for those who hated Eldacar, and Umbar fought with Gondor for years afterwards.

Cataclysm, The

Also called The Earth Made Round. Occurred at the removing of the Blessed Lands from the circles of Arda after the Fall of Númenorë.

Causeway

The place in Minas Tirith where the Guard-towers were situated.

Celebdil

Meaning 'the White', it was a peak in the Misty Mountains. The Dwarves called it Zirakzigil, shortened to Zirak.

Celeborn (1)

Meaning 'Tree of Silver', it was the name of the Tree of Tol Eressëa, which was of the fruit of Galathilion.

Celeborn (2)

A Teleri of Doriath, and kinsman of Thingol. He wedded Galadriel and remained in Middle-earth after the First Age. He became the Lord of the Galadrim of Lothlórien. He dwelt in Caras Galadon with Galadriel. He was an old friend of Fangorn. He welcomed and aided the Fellowship upon their journey. Led an army of the Galadrim in the capture of Dol Guldur in Mirkwood with Galadriel on March 28, 3019. He and Thranduil divided the land between themselves, and he called his section East Lórien. He arrived in Minas Tirith with the rest of the company of the Elves with Elrond upon Midsummer's Eve. A few years after the departure of the Ringbearers, he went to dwell at Imladris with the sons of Elrond.

Celebrant

Means 'Silver Lode', it was the River flowing from Mirrormere through Lothlórien to join the Anduin.

Celebrant, Field of

The land between the Limlight and the Nimrodel, where Eorl and Boromir defeated the Easterlings attacking Gondor in 2510.

Celebrían

The daughter of Galadriel, she was given the Elfstone of the house of Elendil by her mother, and passed it on to her daughter. She married Elrond in TA 100 and mothered the twins Elladan and Elrohir in 139, and Arwen in 241. She was journeying to Lothlórien and received a poisoned wound in the Redhorn Pass in 2509. The following year, she departed from Middle-earth.

Celebrimbor

Means 'Hand of Silver.' He was the son of Curufin. He remained in Nargothrond when his father was expelled. In the Second Age, he drew the signs on the Gates of Moria. He also constructed the Three Rings of the Elves and hid them from Sauron in 1600 when he perceived Sauron's purpose of dominating the Elves. He was slain by Sauron in 1697 when Hollin was destroyed and Moria closed until Gandalf opened them for the Fellowship.

Celebrindal

Meaning 'Silverfoot,' it was a surname of Idril.

Celebrindon

Meaning 'Silver Bowl,' it was replaced by Celebros.

Celebrindor

The fifteenth Ruler of the Northern Realm, fifth in Arthedain. He was the son of Celepharn and father of Malvegil. He died in 1272.

Celebros

Means 'Foam-silver', 'Silver Foam' or 'Silver Rain'. This was originally to be the the source of the falls of the Teiglin River, but later they were called the falls of Celebros, a tributary of the Teiglin.

Celeg Aithorn

A mythological sword, possibly lightning, named by Beleg in his 'whetting spell' while sharpening his sword to cut the bonds of Túrin after he and Gwindor had rescued him from the Orcs.

Celegorm (1)

An infrequently-used name for Thingol, King of Doriath.

Celegorm (2)

The third son of Fëanor. Called the Fair, he ruled Himlad with his brother Curufin until the Dagor Bragollach. He and Curufin imprisoned Lúthien in Nargothrond instead of helping her find Beren as they promised. He was the master of Huan, and was slain by Dior in Menegroth in attempt to reclaim the Silmaril, then held in the Nauglamir.

Celon, River

Means 'stream flowing down from heights'. A river of West Beleriand, it had its source in Himring and was a tributary of the Aros River.

Celos

A river in Lebennin, with its mouth in Sirith.

Celepharn

Fourteenth Ruler of the Northern Realm, fourth in Arthedain. He was the son of Mallor and father of Celebrindor. He died in 1191.

Cemendur

The fourth Ruler of Gondor, son of Meneldil and father of Eärendil. He died in 238.

Ceorl

A Captain of Rohan. He rode to met Éomer and inform him of the defeat of the troops at the Fords of Isen and their withdraw to Helm's Deep. He was met by Théoden and told him the tale, remaining to be commanded by him on the march to Helm's Deep.

Cerin Amroth

A hill in Lõrien where the palace of Celeborn and Galadriel stood.

Chamber of Mazarbul

The 'Chamber of Records', a room in Moria where Balin was buried, and where the Dwarves in Balin's company made their last stand against the Balrog. The Fellowship discovered the Book and tomb when in Moria.

Chambers of Fire

The translation of Sammath Naur, these were on Orodruin, also called the Cracks of Doom.

Chambers, R.W.

Commented on the association of Tuor with a medieval character called Wade, named in several men's works written years before Tolkien's. Tolkien compared Tuor to Wade in an early, later rejected, poem for the Lay of Eärendel. Chambers wrote that Wade had (1) power over the sea, (2) extraordinary strength, and (3) used both (1) and (2) to help his friends.

Charlemagne

Possibly can be likened to the king of the Franks (Forodwaith/Vikings in Tolkien's writings) who invaded England in the time of Ælfwine/Eriol's time.

Chasm of Ilmen

See Ilmen.

Chaucer, Geoffrey

Referred to Wade (likened to Tuor by Tolkien) in The Merchant's Tale.

Chetwood

The forest near Bree by which Archet was built.

The Chief

The title used by the Hobbits to refer to Lotho Sackville-Baggins after he moved into Bag End upon Frodo's departure. He became greedy and announced himself Chief of the Shire. He allowed Men to take much of the harvests from the Hobbits, the terrorizing of the Shire by Men, excessive numbers of Shirrifs, the closing of the taverns for all but the Men, the selling of the Southfarthing's Pipe-weed, the imprisoning of many Hobbits, the building of houses, the cutting of trees, and the destruction of much of the land, among other things. He became controlled by Saruman, known to the Hobbits as Sharkey. He was killed on the orders of Saruman, who took control of the Shire himself.

Children of Húrin

A poem of 170 lines using rhyming couplets that was never finished. It was an early form of the later Lay of the Children of Húrin.

Children of Ilúvatar

A translation of Híni Ilúvataro and Eruhíni. Those beings created directly by his intervention in the Ainulindalë in attempt to stop Melko's dissonance. The Elder Children are the Elves, while the Younger are Men. Also called the Children of Eru, The Children, Children of the Earth, and Children of the World.

Children of the Cottage of Lost Play

Those young Elves living in Mar Vanwa Tyalieva, where Ælfwine/Eriol learned the History of the Elves.

Children of the Gods

The Children of the Valar.

Children of the Stars

The Elves. So called because they first awoke under the stars before the Sun and Moon were created, but after the Trees were destroyed.

Children of the Valar

The children and beings of less might than the Valar but of similar kind. Those that came with the Valar to Arda were called the Valarindi.

Chill Gulf

See Qerkaringa.

Chronology of Beleriand

The Annals of Beleriand.

Chubb

A family of Hobbits living in the Shire.

Chubb, Adamanta

Married Gerontius Took, and mothered Isengrim III, Hildigard, Isumbras IV, Hildigrim, Isembold, Hildifons, Isembard, Hildibrand, Belladonna, Donnamira, Mirabella and Isengar Took.

Chubb, Chica

Married Bingo Baggins and mothered Falco-Chubb Baggins.

Chubb-Baggins, Falco

Born in 1303 SR, son of Bingo Baggins. He was the father of Poppy Chubb-Baggins. He died in 1399.

Chubb-Baggins, Poppy

Born in 1344, daughter of Falco Chubb-Baggins. Married Filibert Bolger.

Círdan the Shipwright

A Telerin Elf. The ruler of the Havens of the Falas. After the destruction of the Havens in the Nirnaeth Arnoediad, he fled with Gil-galad to the Isle of Balar. During the Second and Third Ages, he was the keeper of the Grey Havens in the Gulf of Lhûn. Upon the coming of Mithrandir, Círdan gave him Narya.

Ciril

The river leading from the Ered Nimrais through Lamedon and had its mouth in the Ringlo.

Cirion

The twelfth Ruling Steward of Gondor. Son of Boromir and father of Hallas. The rule of Gondor had lessened before his time, so he could do little but defend his own borders from the Corsairs and Balchoth. In 2510, the Balchoth sailed over the Anduin to assail Gondor, and an army issued from Gondor was attacked by a horde of Orcs. Luckily, Cirion had sent for aid that same year, and it now came. The Rohirim, led by Eorl the Young, helped defeat the Balchoth. Cirion granted the land northwest of Gondor to Eorl, which became known as Rohan, and both promised to be ready to help each other in times of peril. Cirion died in 2567.

Cirith Gorgor

The Haunted Pass. It led to Mordor through the Morannon.

Cirith Ninniach

Means 'Rainbow cleft.' Tuor came to the Western Sea through this pass. Also called Kirith Helvin, Cris Ilbranteloth, Glorfalc and Teld Quin Ilon.

Cirith Thoronath

Meaning 'Eagles' Cleft,' it was the home of the Eagles in the Encircling Mountains around Gondolin. Upon the destruction of their first home in the South of this range, they moved to the North of the same range.

Cirith Ungol

'Spider Pass', it led into Mordor near Minas Morgul. It was inhabited by Ungoliant. Gollum led Frodo and Sam through this pass to be eaten by Ungoliant, in hopes of getting the Ring this way. The battle between Samwise and Ungoliant occurred here. The Tower of Cirith Ungol was near here, and was built as a watch over the Pass.

Cirth

The Runes, first devised by Daeron of Doriath.

Ciryaher

The fifteenth Ruler of Gondor, the fourth and last of the Ship-kings. Son of Ciryandil and father of Atanatar II. Ciryaher defeated the Men of Harad in Umbar and forced them to acknowledge Gondor's rule in 1050. Because of this great victory, he took the name Hyarmendacil, 'South-victor'. None dared to contest his power, and he was king for 134 years, the 2nd longest time. Gondor reached the height of its power under Ciryaher. he extended its realm to the Celebrant and Mirkwood's southern eaves in the north, west to the Greyflood, east to the Sea of Rhûn, south to the River Harnen, and into Umbar. Ciryaher died in 1149.

Ciryandil

The fourteenth Ruler of Gondor, the third of the Ship-kings. Son of Eärnil I, and father of Ciryaher. He died in 1015 in the battle in Haradwaith.

Ciryon

The third son of Isildur who was slain with him on the Gladden Fields.

Citadel, The

The buried tombs of the Kings and Stewards of Gondor in Minas Tirith. Denethor wished to burn himself and Faramir in the Citadel, but Beregond stopped him long enough for Gandalf to arrive and save Faramir. Denethor still managed to burn himself, and died clasping the Palantir of Minas Arnor, destroying the tombs.

Citadel of the Stars

Another name for Osgiliath.

City, The

Another name for Minas Tirith.

City of Present Sorrow

The third part of the poem The Town of Dreams and the City of Present Sorrow written in 1916. The City of Present Sorrow is Oxford.

City of Seven Names

Gondonlin. The names are: (1) Gondolin, (2) Gondobar meaning 'City of Stone', (3) Gondothlimbar meaning 'City of the Dwellers in Stone,' (4) Gondolin the Stone of Song, (5) Gwarestrin meaning 'Tower of Guard,' (6) Gar Thurion meaning 'Secret Place,' and (7) Loth or Lothengriol, those being flowers on the plain surrounding Gondolin.

City of Stone

Translation of Gondobar, this was one of the names of Gondolin.

City of the Dwellers in Stone

Translation of Gondothlimbar, this was one of the names of Gondolin.

City of the Gods

A poem, written April 30, 1915. The first text was entitled Kôr and was subtitled In a City Lost and Dead. The second text was titled The City of the Gods and had no subtitle. The poem describes the city of Kôr after the Elves left it.

City of the Trees

Translation of Caras Galadon.

Cleft of Eagles

The dwelling place of the Eagles in the Encircling Mountains about Gondolin.

Closed Door

Fen Hollen. The door in Minas Tirith leading to the tombs of the Kings in the Citadel.

Cloudyhead

A peak in the Misty Mountains near Dimrill Dale. It was called Fanuidhol the Grey in Elven, and Bundushathûr in Dwarvish.

Combe

A city near Bree and Archet.

Common Speech

Westron. The language spoken by most of Middle-earth, either as a primary or secondary language.

Companions of the Ring

Those who were chosen to accompany the Ringbearer on his quest to destroy the Ring in the Third Age. They were: Frodo the Ringbearer, Samwise, Meriadoc and Peregrin for the Hobbits; Boromir of Minas Tirith; Aragorn, the Heir of Elendil also called Strider the Ranger; Gimli the Dwarf; Legolas the Elf from Mirkwood; and Gandalf the Grey. Also called the Nine Walkers and the Fellowship of the Ring.

Company of the Ring

Another term for the Nine Walkers, the Fellowship of the Ring.

Constantinople

The model of Mickleyard in the Ælfwine/Eriol story. Constantinople in Old Norse is Mikligardr.

Cópas Alqalunten

Means 'Haven of the Swanships.' See Kópas and Alqualondë.

Côr

The hill on which Tûn was built. The earlier name was Kôr.

Cormallen, Field of

The plain around Minas Tirith on which the battle was fought between Sauron's armies and the Captains of the West, near the end of the Third Age.

Cornwall

A place in England to which Tolkien traveled in the summer of 1914. While there he wrote The Tides and On the Cornish Coast, the beginnings of The Horn of Ylmir, a song that Tuor made for Eärendel. Cornwall was also the place Tolkien thought had the 'ideal landscape.'

Corollairë

Means 'The Green Mound'. It was the hill on which the Two Trees of Valinor grew. Also called Ezellohar.

Corsairs

Men of Umbar who came under the power of Sauron and fought many battles against Gondor during the Third Age. Among the larger battles they fought were against King Aldamir in 1540, King Minardil in 1634, King Telumehtar Umbardacil in 1810, King Egalmoth in 2758.

Corthûn

An earlier name for Tûn.

Cortirion

The city of the Elves in Tol Eressëa. Later became Kortirion.

Cotman

Predecessor of the Cottons, he was born in 1260, the son of Cottar. He married Rose Greenhand and fathered Holman Cotton.

Cottage of Lost Play

Also called Mar Vanwa Tyalieva. The place on Tol Eressëa where Ælfwine/Eriol learned the History of the Elves.

Cottar

Predecessor of the Cottons, he was born in 1220 SR and fathered Cotman and Carl.

Cotton, Bowman

Born in 1386 SR, son of Tolman Cotton. Called Nick.

Cotton, Carl

Born in 1389 SR, son of Tolman Cotton. Called Nibs.

Cotton, Holman

Born in 1386 SR, son of Cotman. Called Long Horn. Father of Tolman and Wilcome Cotton.

Cotton, Rose

Born in 1384 RS, daughter of Tolman Cotton. Married Samwise Gamgee. Was the mother of Elanor the Fair, Frodo the Gardener, and Rose, Merry, Pippin, Goldilocks, Hamfast, Daisy, Primrose, Bilbo, Ruby, Robin and Tolman Gamgee. She died on Mid-year's Day in 1482.

Cotton, Tolman (1)

Born in 1341 SR, son of Holman Cotton. Called Tom. Married Lily Brown. He fathered Tolman, Rose, Wilcomne, Bowman and Carl Cotton. Took part in the fighting in the Shire. He died in 1440 SR.

Cotton, Tolman (2)

Born in 1380 SR, son of Tolman Cotton. Called Young Tom. Married Marigold Gamgee.

Cotton, Wilcome

Born in 1346, son of Holman Cotton, he was called Will.

Cotton, Wilcomne

Born in 1384, son of Tolman Cotton. Called Jolly.

Council of Denethor

Took place on 11 March, 3019. The council decided that Osgiliath would be the main place of attack by Sauron's armies. Thus, Faramir was sent there as captain.

Council of Elrond

The meeting that began on October 25, 3018 at which was discussed what to do with the Ring. Some of those who were there included Elrond, Aragorn, Gandalf, Boromir, the 4 Hobbits, Legolas, Glõrin, Gimli, Glorfindel, Erestor, Galdor, some few of the councilors of Elrond, and Bilbo. They debated on what to do with the Ring, finally deciding to destroy it. Frodo offered to be Ringbearer, and the 9 Walkers were chosen. The Council ended officially on December 25, 3018, when the Fellowship left.

Council of the Wise

The White Council. It met several times to decide what to do about the re-emergence of Sauron and the search for the Ring. The last meeting occurred in 2953 TA when Saruman feigned to have discovered that the Ring was carried to the Sea, lost forever.

Court of the Fountain

The court in Minas Tirith where the White Tree stood.

Cracks of Doom

The opening on Orodruin where Sauron forged the Ring and into which Gollum fell clutching the Ring at the end of the Third Age, destroying it and everything Sauron created with the Ring's power. It was here that Frodo finally came fully under the power of the Ring.

Cram

The waybread of Men, it was an imitation of lembas.

Cranthir

Replaced Cranthor. Later became Caranthir.

Crebain

Black crows from Fangorn and Dunland which spied upon the land during the time the Fellowship was in Hollin.

Crickhollow

The land near Buckland where Frodo bought a house after giving Bag End to the Sackville-Bagginses.

Cris Ilbranteloth

Means 'Gully of the Rainbow Roof.' It was an early name for Cirith Ninniach.

Cris-Ilfing

Means 'Rainbow-cleft.' It was later renamed Kirith Helvin.

Crissaegrim

The mountain peaks south of Gondolin where Thorondor and his Eagles made their first home.

Cristhorn

Means 'Eagles' Cleft.' Later renamed Kirith-thoronath.

Crithosceleg

A Gnomish name for the Moon.

Crossings of Teiglin

A place in the Forest of Brethil where the road from the Pass of Sirion crossed the Teiglin River.

Crossroads, The

The meeting of the Harad Road and the Road to Barad-dûr near Minas Morgul, at which the statues of the Kings were built.

Cuilwarthien

Means 'The Land of the Dead that Live.' This was the name given to the place in Ossiriand where Beren and Lúthien dwelt after they were returned to life.

Cuilwarthon

See I·Cuilwarthon, meaning 'The Dead that Live Again'.

Cuiviénen

Means 'Water(s) of Awakening.' This was the land where the Elves awoke and were found by Oromë.

Culúrien

Another name for Laurelin.

Cûm a Gumlaith

Also called Cûm a Thegranaithos, it means 'Mound of the First Sorrow.' This was the tomb of Fëanor's father Bruithwir.

Cûm an-Idrisaith

Means 'The Mound of Avarice.' See Cûm-nan-Arasaith.

Cûm-na-Dengin

Means 'The Mound of Slain.' See Amon Dengin.

Cûm-nan-Arasaith

Meaning 'The Mound of Avarice,' this was the place where those Elves and Dwarves who fell in fighting in Menegroth over the Nauglamir were buried.

Cû ran Eilach

The name of an unknown place. It is the place to which Fëanor threatened to march after the destruction of the Trees in an early sketching of the Faring Forth. It appeasrs in an early text of The Flight of the Noldoli.

Curtain, The

Another name for Henneth Annûn.

Curufin

The fifth son of Fëanor. Called the Crafty, he was the father of Celebrimbor. He ruled Himlad with his brother Celegorm and with him, imprisoned Lúthien in Nargorthrond instead of aiding her in her search for Beren. He was killed by Dior in Menegroth while fighting for the Nauglamir.

Curufinwë

The true name of Fëanor.

Curunír

Meaning 'the one of cunning devices', it was Saruman's Elvish name.

Cúthalion

A surname for Beleg meaning 'Strongbow.'

Cwén

The wife of Otto Wæ'fre, or Eriol.